Radiological warfare

This avoids the problems of having to stockpile the highly radioactive material, as it is produced when the bomb explodes.

[4] The result is a more intense fallout than from regular nuclear weapons and can render an area uninhabitable for a long period.

By detonating them at or near the surface instead, the ground will be vaporized, become radioactive, and when it cools down and condenses into particles cause significant fallout.

The release of radioactive material may involve no special "weapon" or side forces like a blast explosion and include no direct killing of people from its radiation source, but rather could make whole areas or structures unusable or unfavorable for the support of human life.

[11] Radiological warfare with dirty bombs could be used for nuclear terrorism, spreading or intensifying fear.