Raffaele Viviani (10 January 1888 – 22 March 1950) was an Italian author, playwright, actor and musician.

Viviani belongs to the turn-of-the-century school of realism in Italian literature, and his works touch on seamier elements of the lives of the poor in Naples of that period, such as petty crime and prostitution.

Critics have termed Viviani "an autodidact realist", meaning that he acquired his skills through personal experience and not academic education.

He also played in Budapest, Paris, Tripoli, and throughout South America during his career.

His plays are in the "anti-Pirandello" style, less concerned with the psychology of people than with the lives they lead.