[3] Chaudhry was born in 1903 to a middle-class Rajput family (Rao) in Kahnaur, a small village in Rohtak district of Eastern Punjab.

[4] He passed the university entrance exam with highest marks and earned a scholarship awarded by the Viceroy Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading.

In 1932, Chaudhry earned his D.Phil in Nuclear physics from Cambridge University with his thesis "The action of positive ions in the electrical discharge through gases"[6] under Ernest Rutherford.

In 1938, Chaudhry moved back to Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) to teach physics, again becoming head of his department.

[4] According to Oliphant, no other Muslim scientist was available in the South Asia except Chaudhry who could prove useful for the newly born country in the field of nuclear technology.

However, Nehru learned of this development, and personally offered him a position of deputy directorship of the National Physical Laboratory.

[4] While Chaudhry was considering the offers, Jinnah sent him a letter personally requesting him to come to Pakistan to join the Government College University.

[8] Chaudhry was an instrumental figure in the installation of the 1.2 MeV Cockcroft-Walton accelerator in the High Tension Laboratory in 1954 for carrying out basic research in atomic and nuclear physics.

[9] At High Tension Laboratory, Chaudhry influenced many physicists who studied under him, such as N. M. Butt, Samar Mubarakmand and Abdul Majid who became the senior scientists in Pakistan's indigenous nuclear and space development.

In 1970, Chaudhry and Qureshi visited the National Museum of the United States Air Force where they saw the actual design of Fat Man – an implosion device built during the World War II.

[citation needed] In 1971, after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Chaudhry returned to Pakistan and joined Government College University.

In January 1972, Chaudhry represented the HTL's delegation at the Multan Meeting, convened by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

[citation needed] Chaudhry was immediately posted at PINSTECH institute, where he was made director of Radiation Physics Division (RPD).