Rafiq Hilmi (Kurdish: ڕەفیق حیلمی, romanized: Refîq Hilmî, 1898–1960) was a Kurdish-Iraqi historian, writer and politician born in Kirkuk.

In this work for the first time Goran's poetry and characteristics of the modernist literary movement which he represented were studied and analyzed in depth.

Under the influence of the predominantly Arab faculty in Kirkuk, a student movement called “Darker” (Darker is the Kurdish term for charcoal makers, but was about the Italian term of the “Carbonari”),[3] which later became the Hîwa, was founded and led by Rafiq Hilmi in 1937, which openly acknowledged its great paragons, the Italian fascism under Mussolini and the German National Socialism under Hitler.

[3][4] These professors had presented to their students the national unifications that occurred under the rules of the Prince of Bismarck and Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour.

[3] While the political program of Hîwa was a mainly nationalist one and focused on securing autonomy for Iraqi Kurdistan, many members were also leftist-minded.