Raimundo Nina Rodrigues (December 4, 1862 – July 17, 1906) was a Brazilian coroner, psychiatrist, professor, writer, anthropologist and ethnologist.

A notable eugenicist, he was also a dietologist, tropicalist, sexologist, hygienist, biographer and epidemiologist.

Nina Rodrigues is considered the founder of Brazilian criminal anthropology and a pioneer in studies on black culture in the country.

A nationalist, he was the first Brazilian scholar to address the theme of black people as a relevant social issue for understanding the racial formation of the Brazilian population, despite adopting a racist, deterministic perspective, in his book Os Africanos no Brasil (1890–1905).

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