Dr. Jain obtained a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics (Computer Science) from Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1978, an M.E.

in Electrical Engineering from Awdhesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India in 1972.

Until 2005 he was the Chief Technology Officer and Co-Founder of Nayna Networks, Inc. – a next generation telecommunications systems company in San Jose, CA.

He is also the co-inventor of the Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) principle used for traffic management in computer networks and Jain's fairness index.

[2][3] His work on timeout based congestion control influenced the design of the slow start algorithm in TCP/IP networks.