He was the President of the Centre for Social and Economic Progress (CSEP), a public policy think tank based in New Delhi.
[7] He received his Ph.D. in economics from Princeton University in 1977 after completing a doctoral dissertation titled "Development, structural change and urbanization: explorations with a dynamic three sector general equilibrium model applied to India, 1951-1984.
He became the Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in September 2002 and moved to North Block in October 2004 as Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs and Chief Economic Adviser to the Finance Minister of India till July 2005, before returning to RBI,[9] where he remained till June 2009,[10][11] when he took up an assignment at Stanford Centre for International Development at Stanford University, US, and subsequently joined McKinsey and Co's economic research wing.
[12] In 2010 back in India from his project, he worked with Nandan Nilekani, Shirish Patel, Keshub Mahindra, Deepak Parekh, to set up Indian Institute for Human Settlements, in Delhi.
In addition to India, Mohan will also represent three other countries including Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Bhutan on the IMF board.