Ramgarhia Misl

[3]In 1745, Jassa Singh was instructed to meet with Adina Beg to come to an agreement as the latter had been harassing Sikhs of the Jalandhar Doab under the orders of the Subahdar, Zakaria Khan.

[4] Adina Beg convinced Jassa to work for him, offering him a position of commanding a regiment consisting of 100 Sikhs and 60 Hindus.

[3] As Quila Ramgarh was fortified to defend the Golden Temple from invaders, this misl acquired the name Ramgarhia, which literally means Custodians of the Fort of God.

[3] When Timur was pushed out of the Punjab in 1758 by a joint force of Sikhs, Marathas, and Mughals, the Ramgarhia Misl rebuilt the fort.

[3] The Ramgarhias also conquered many parganas of the Majha region of Punjab, such as Batala, Kalanaur, Mastiwal, Dasuha, Talwara Lakhpur, Sanguwala, Sharif Chak, Miani, Begowal, amidst others.

[3] Ramgarhia power kept on increasing and eventually the local zamindars of the taluqas of Phagwara and Batala (such as Jandiala, Toli, and Qadhian) started paying tribute to the misl.

[3] After this, the areas of Urmar Tanda, Yahyapur, and parts of Hoshiarpur were brought under Ramgarhia writ, increasing the income by a million rupees.

[3] At some point, the entire Shivalik Range from the Beas to the Ravi rivers were under the control of the Ramgarhias, including the plains region of the Jalandhar Doab.

[3] Kangra State went to battle against their former overlords but could not best them so they requested the assistance of the Kanhaiyas by promising to pay for any costs incurred.

[3] In 1774, the Kanhaiya Misl managed to take control over the Kangra throne, which greatly retarded the Ramgarhia influence in the region.

[3] However, they released him shortly after escorted in a palanquin and gave him gifts (including a robe of honour) because he was highly-revered amongst the Sikhs.

[3] Thus, the Sukerchakias decided to join the anti-Ramgarhia coalition of misls and states consisting of the Kanhaiyas, Kangra, and Ahluwalias.

[3] Takings and income from the Ramgarhian-controlled tributary states located in the Shivalik Hills declined during this time but the Ramgarhias still survived the onslaught.

[3] Slowly and surely, the Ramgarhia territory was occupied by other misls and states until none remained so they escaped to the Malwa region.

[3] In this most precarious state of affairs, the Ramgarhias were assisted by a local Sikh ruler, Amar Singh of Patiala, who bestowed a jagir upon them at Hisar and Hansi.

[4] The parganas past the Jamuna River, such as Sambhal, Chandausi, Kash Ganj, Khurja, Sikandra, and Meerut amidst others, were all targets of the Ramgarhias.

[3] A coalition of Sikhs chiefs under the leadership of Jassa Singh Ramgarhia attacked Delhi and briefly held it in early 1783.

[4] They seized the granite slab of Takht-e-Taus[10] from the Red Fort on which, according to oral tradition, all Mughal emperors were crowned in Delhi and brought it to Amritsar as a symbol of their victory.

[citation needed] During one of the raids of Delhi, the Mohalla Mughlan was plundered, areas were set ablaze, and four guns were captured from the Mughal arsenal.

[5][3] The Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam, appealed to the sympathies and morality of Jassa Singh Ramgarhia to not burn down the city.

[3] After the conquest of Delhi, the Ramgarhias ventured further to invade Meerut and imposed an annual tribute of 10,000 rupees on the local ruler, Nawab Zabita Khan.

[4][5] One day, a Brahmin petitioned the Ramgarhias to help save his two daughtered who had been captured by the local governor of Hisar.

[3] This obviously infuriarated Mahan Singh, who realized he needed an ally against the Kanhaiyas and so he looked towards the Ramgarhias and decided to extend a hand.

[3] After the destruction of Kanhaiya power, the Ramgarhias set-up Batala as their new base of operations and constructed fortifications, including a large and reinforced wall, at the location.

[3] The night of the day the messenger arrived with this message from Sahib Singh Bedi, the river Beas flooded and swept away the besieging Kanhaiya and Sukerchakia forces.

[3] In the final years of Jassa Singh Ramgarhia's life, he resided at his capital, Sri Hargobindpur, and held cordial relations with the Bhangi Misl.

[3] At the height of Ramgarhia power under the tenure of Jassa Singh Ramgarhia, the misl controlled a wide span of territory ranging from areas of the Bari Doab including Batala, Kalanaur, Dinanagar, Sri Hargobindpur, Shahpur Kandi, Gurdaspur, Qadian, Ghuman, Matteval, and in the Jalandhar Doab areas of Urmur Tanda, Sarih, Miani, Garhdiwala, and Zahura.

[11] Jodh Singh worked together with the Kangra ruler, Sansar Chand, and managed to take control of the parganas of Batala, Bhunga, and Hoshiarpur plus encompassing areas.

[11] However, in 1805, Ranjit Singh demanded that Mai Sukhan's Bhangi Misl give-up possession of the zamzama cannon and bestow it upon him.

[11] He also donated materials for the beautification renovations of the Golden Temple complex, including perforated marble and mosaics.

A 1780 map of the Punjab Region shows the relative positions of the Sikh Misls and other states.
Painting of Jassa Singh Ramgarhia seated and armed with sword
One of the very few photographs taken of Qila Ram Rauni, later known as Qila Ramgarh
Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgarhia on left and Amar Singh of Patiala on right, late 18th century
Ramgarhia and Sukarchakia Misls hold a diplomatic meeting. Jassa Singh Ramgarhia (long, white beard) on left. Maha Singh with checked blanket covering chest on the right, in centre. Jodh Singh can also be seen.
Painting of Sahib Singh Bedi being transported on an elephant, ca.1850
Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgarhia on his death bed surrounded by his brothers Alli Singh, Malli Singh, Tara Singh and his son Jodh Singh Ramgarhia
Jassa Singh Ramgharia with sons, Jodh Singh and Bir Singh
Ramgarhia Bunga