The name of Ramygala has been mentioned in historical sources since the 13th century as Remigale.

Unlike many other towns in Lithuania, Ramygala did not belong to a noble family but rather to Vilnius Cathedral and later to Vilnius University.Ramygala was located in the crossroads leading to Kėdainiai, Raguva, Šeduva, Panevėžys, and Ukmergė.

Before the Soviet reclamation, Ramygala was surrounded by Liūnai, Pikšra, Uslaja and Žarčiai swamps and peat bogs.

In 1781 the town established a parish school next to a new church after the old one was destroyed by fire.

The school hosts a small museum dedicated to the local history and traditions.

After the administrative reform by the Soviet authorities in 1950, the town became a capital of a raion (Lithuanian: rajonas).