[9][10] He joined the All India Institute of Medical Sciences and rose in ranks to become a professor and the head of the department of Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders.

[9] He is associated with the World Health Organization (WHO) as a member of its Scientific Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE)[11] on immunization and influenza vaccination.

[9][10] He also serves as a consultant to International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna on issues related to radiation protection.

[10] He is credited with efforts in establishing a centre for respiratory diseases and sleep medicine at AIIMS, which is reported to be a first in India.

[10] Randeep Guleria was included by the Government of India in the 2015 Republic Day honours list for the civilian award of Padma Shri.