Numerous members of the Society of Friends (Quakers) lived here, and they supported public education and abolitionism.

It was primarily for black students of the area, but also accepted whites as one of the first racially integrated schools in the United States.

Given its settlement history, with many migrants from the northern tier, Randolph County was politically dominated by the Republican Party into the early twentieth century.

Randolph County answered the problem of rural decline in the early twentieth century by embracing much of the "Country Life Movement."

This was done under the leadership of Lee L. Driver, a county native who became the nation's leading expert on rural school consolidation.

Randolph County became the exemplar of the movement, and was the subject of many publications and visits from officials from as far away as Canada and China.

In the early 21st century, residents in Winchester, Union City, and Farmland have sought to revitalize Randolph County through a renewed focus on historic preservation, heritage tourism, and the arts.

The county is included in the Ohio River National Freedom Corridor, as many refugees from slavery sought escape via crossing the Ohio River and using aid of residents at stops along the Underground Railroad, sometimes traveling further north and into Canada.

In 2016 a state historical marker was installed at the site of the Union Literary Institute, to recognize its contributions to black and interracial education, and the cause of freedom.

McVey Memorial Forest (Located North of Farmland approximately 6 miles on State Road 1) Farmers market during the summer on the Courthouse Square in Winchester.

The commissioners are charged with executing the acts legislated by the council, collecting revenue, and managing the day-to-day functions of the county government.

[9] Randolph County is part of Indiana's 6th congressional district and is represented in Congress by Republican Greg Pence.

This occurred in 1912 thanks to the strong third party candidacy of Theodore Roosevelt, as well as 1964 where Barry Goldwater was seen as too conservative statewide & nationally in his landslide loss to Lyndon B. Johnson.