Ranging rod

[1] Initially these were made of light, thin, and straight bamboo, or of well seasoned wood such as teak, pine, or deodar.

They were shod with iron at the bottom and surmounted with a flag about 250 mm2 in size.

These colours are used so that the rod can be properly sighted in case of long distance or bad weather.

It is used for measuring small offsets from the survey line when the work is of an ordinary nature.

[4] When the ranging rods are limited, thin sticks 400 mm to 1 m length with white papers in the cuts at tops can serve their purpose.