Rania is a town and a municipal committee in Sirsa district located on the upper bank of Ghaggar River in the Indian state of Haryana.

Rania, which means "queen", was formerly called Bhattian and ruled by a king known as the Bhatti Raja.

In 1768 CE Johiya ranghars chieftain, Kamruddin, another vassal of Bikaner State, took over Rania, Fatehabad and Sirsa.

In 1774 CE, Jat Sikh ruler of Patiala State, Amar Singh, snatched the paraganas of Rania, Fatehabad and Rania from Bhatti Ranghar Rajput chieftain Muhammad Amir Khan, a vassal of Bikaner State, who retreated to his Bhatner fort (Hanumangarh).

In 1774 CE, Mughal forces under Mirza Najaf Khan and Raja Jai Singh signed a treaty with Jat Sikhs and Bikaner state under which Tosham, Hisar, Hansi, Meham and Rohtak were restored to Mughals and Raja Jai Singh became Nazim of Hisar sirkar; Rania-Fathebad-Sirsa tract was restorrd to Bhatti chiefs under Bikaner state; and Jat Sikhs kept the rest of their territory annexed by them in North Haryana (Narwana, Jind and Kaithal).

George Thomas who held this area under Marathas, became independent ruler of this tract in 1798 Ce, but in 1801 marathas empire ruled by Daulat Rao Sindhia, led by their French-origin general Pierre Cuillier-Perron who allied with Jat Sikhs ruler of Jind, expelled George Thomas from Haryana.

Ongoing feud among Bhattis, Johiyas, Jats, Skihs, Marathas and Mughals, weakened them all and this tract came under British raj in 1803.

A baoli built in early 1st century in the mixed style of Turkish hammam and Indian well was buried during 1975-77 emergency to build a market.