Raphael Mahler (August 15, 1899 – October 4, 1977) was a Galician-born Jewish historian who worked in Poland, America, and Israel.
He and Emanuel Ringelblum founded the Jewish Young Historians Circle, which was later affiliated with YIVO's Historical Section.
He also headed the Jewish Workers Educational Society in Poland (Geselshaft Ovent Kursn far Arbeter) until 1931, when the Polish government dissolved it.
An active member of Mapam, he was a doctrinaire Marxist scholar who believed economics and social conflicts were essential for understanding Jewish history.
His major work Divrei Yemei Yisrael; Dorot Aḥaronim (History of the Jewish People in Modern Times) was only partially published.