Raphanea or Raphaneae (Ancient Greek: Ῥαφάνεια;[1] Arabic: الرفنية, romanized: al-Rafaniyya; colloquial: Rafniye) was a city of the late Roman province of Syria Secunda.

Josephus mentions Raphanea in connection with a river Σαββατικον, referred now to as Sambation that flowed only every seventh days (probably an intermittent spring now called Fuwar ed-Deir) and that was viewed by Titus on his way northward from Berytus after the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70.

[2] Near Emesa, Raphanea was the fortified headquarters of the Legio III Gallica from which was launched the successful bid of 14-year-old Elagabalus to become Roman Emperor in 218.

[5][6][7] Hierocles[8] and Georgius Cyprius[9] mention Raphanea among the towns of Syria Secunda.

[11] The only bishops of Raphanea known are:[11][12] The see is mentioned as late as the 10th century in the Notitia episcopatuum of Antioch.