Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) contains several structural elements present within the 3′ and 5′ untranslated regions (UTR) of the genome that enhance translation.

This multiprotein-mRNA complex then recruits the ribosome subunits and scans the mRNA until it reaches the start codon.

IRES is a structural element that recruits the 40s ribosome subunit to the mRNA within close proximity of the start codon.

Unlike RNA1, RNA2 encodes for a movement protein (MP) and the mRNA of RNA2 contains no structural elements within the UTRs that can bring about cap independent translation.

[citation needed] RNA1 contains several structural elements within its untranslated regions (UTRs) which allow for cap independent translation.