Referee
In the modern XFL, an additional "ball judge", who wears a red hat, is on the field, but does not have the power to call penalties.
A main referee follows the play around the field and has the final authority on decisions such as fouls, throws and card-issuing, un-disputable by players.
As well as the referee and two linesmen, there are two umpires at each end of the field of play who stand on either side of the goal post and raise a white flag for a point, or a green flag for a goal respectively, also calling wides and square-balls.
In 1892, the International Rugby Board was created as a result of a disputed try that the captains could not agree on whether it had been scored.
The rugby laws were changed to require one referee and two touch judges at each game to make the arbitration easier and more consistent.
[1] A game of bandy is officiated by a referee, the authority and enforcer of the rules, whose decisions are final.
In professional competitions, one or more delegates assist the referees by overseeing that rules are followed and the behaviour in the technical area.
A main referee follows the play around the field and has the final authority on decisions such as fouls, throws and card-issuing, un-disputable by players.
Some leagues use the title "assistant referee", giving those officials greater powers to call certain penalties.
In korfball, it is the referee's responsibility to control the game and its environment, to enforce the rules and to take action against misbehaviour.
The professional outdoor league in the United States utilizes four on-field officials in order to be able to better keep up with the increased pace of play.
The referee is also in charge of stopping fights when a fighter "cannot intelligently defend himself" in order to prevent him from incurring further damage, as well as making sure that submissions are released following a tapout and to pull fighters off an unconscious opponent.
Non-skating officials complete the team by recording and communicating points and penalties and ensuring skaters serve their time accordingly.
Referees are also responsible for ensuring the skaters are correctly wearing all regulation safety equipment.
[4] The second referee's duties are multi-faceted and include on-court responsibilities during play, working with the scorers, interacting with coaches and bench personnel, and in some collegiate volleyball competitions, handling challenge reviews.
The international styles of amateur wrestling use a three-official system in which a referee conducts the action in the center of the mat while a judge and a mat chairman remain seated and evaluate the action from their stationery vantage points.
The referee must award a point to the fencer with right of way during the final action in the event of a double touch in foil and saber.
A referee in figure skating sits in the middle of the judges panel and manages and has full control over the entire event.
One, sits with the Judges as with ordinary competition and operates a touch screen computer, inputting deductions and marking the skaters.
The ARI monitors ice conditions, communicates with the event Referee and supervises teams.
All dress in traditional Japanese clothing, with higher-ranked referees wearing elaborate silk outfits inspired by clothes worn in ancient Japan and judges wearing traditional men's kimono.
The overall authority for all officials in the entire match is held by the Range Master (RM).
Finally, if the call is upheld by the Range Master, the athlete may lodge a formal protest to the Arbitration Committee.
A gamemaster acts as an organizer, officiant for regarding rules, arbitrator, and moderator for a multiplayer role-playing game.
