[1][2] There are four Uzbek exclaves, all of them surrounded by Kyrgyz territory in the Fergana Valley region where Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan meet.

Two of them are the towns of Sokh, area of 325 km2 (125 sq mi) with a population of 42,800 in 1993 (with some estimates as high as 70,000, of which 99% are Tajiks and the remainder Uzbeks[4]) and Shohimardon, area of 90 km2 (35 sq mi) with a population of 5,100 in 1993 (91% are Uzbeks and the remainder Kyrgyz).

Uzbekistan has a Tajikistan enclave, the village of Sarvan, which includes a narrow, long strip of land about 15 km (9.3 mi) long and 1 km (0.62 mi) wide, along the road from Angren to Kokand.

Uzbek forces dug up and blockaded the road to Ak-Tash[5] while also allegedly seizing large areas of Kyrgyz land that had been loaned in the Soviet era but never returned.

[8][9][10] (Map) In August 2018 Kyrgyz and Uzbek authorities agreed to a land swap that would eliminate the exclave.