They lie between Rehburg-Loccum (to the northwest), Hagenburg (to the east) and Sachsenhagen (to the south) and run close by the village of Bad Rehburg that gives them their name.

The latter, like the settlements of Loccum, Rehburg, Münchehagen in the west and Winzlar in the east belong to the borough of Rehburg-Loccum.

Not far to the north of the Rehburg Hills runs a section of the stream known as the Steinhuder Meerbach; to the south is part of the Mittelland Canal, to the west is part of the upper course of the Fulde and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the ridge are the middle reaches of the River Weser.

In later times the softer rocks in the centre of the saddle (clay and marl, Upper Jurassic) weathered away, creating a morphological depression (relief inversion).

The Rehburger Berge are covered by a mixed woodland of beech and spruce and surrounded by large areas of moor and lowland.