It was founded by labour activist and writer Isabelo de los Reyes, whose leadership was shortly turned over to Gregorio Aglipay, the first Supreme Bishop of the Philippine Independent Church.
Isabelo de los Reyes founded the party in 1905, with Gregorio Aglipay taking over the leadership shortly thereafter.
Nabong was one of the founding members of the Partido Komunista ng Piilpinas, which was part of the Coalition of the Oppressed Masses.
In the 1941 Philippine general election, the party became active again, this time fielding the late bishop's wife, Pilar V. Aglipay, for Vice-President.
She participated in the election against incumbent Vice President Sergio Osmeña Sr. of the Nacionalista Party, Emilio M. Javier of the Popular Front (Sumulong Wing), and Pedro Yabut, an independent candidate.