Since the 2015 Armenian constitutional referendum, electoral law requires that four seats for ethnic minorities (one Russians, Yezidis, Assyrians and Kurds each) are allocated in the National Assembly.
The Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region in Belgium includes 17 reserved seats for the Flemish minority, on a total of 89, but there are no separate electorates.
Additionally, from 1954 to 1974, the NPC included a special delegation specifically for Overseas Chinese who returned to China.
Hong Kong and Macau provide for constituencies which represent professional or special interest groups rather than geographical locations.
A new law in 2024, Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam proposes 33% reserved seats for women in the parliament and legislative assemblies of India.
Iran reserves a fixed number of seats in the Majlis for certain recognized non-Muslim ethnoreligious groups.
[7] The office of President will be reserved for a particular racial group (Chinese, Malay and Indian/other minority) — if that community has not been represented for five presidential terms.
Since 2008, in the Legislative Yuan of Taiwan, of the total 34 seats of party-list proportional representation, at least half of the party-nominated candidates must be reserved for women.
In 2024, the Nova Scotia Supreme Court ruled that a fourth Acadian riding should be established in northern Cape Breton.
[12] Due to treaties signed by the United States in 1830 and 1835, two Native American tribes (the Cherokee and Choctaw) each hold the right to a non-voting delegate in the House of Representatives.
[18] The Reconstructionist 1868 Florida Constitution allocated one seat in the state House of Representatives and one in the Senate for Seminoles.
Technically, therefore, these seats should not be described as "reserved" as there is no legal or constitutional guarantee that the successful candidate will themselves be of Māori descent.
Also to note, is that under New Zealand's mixed-member proportional (MMP) electoral system, it is the party vote that is most important.
All voters, including Māori, are deemed to be on the same master roll in terms of voting for party lists.
During the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, the constitution guaranteed at least 64 delegates to be female in the lower house of the bicameral National Assembly ("The elections law shall adopt measures to attain, through the electorate system, general and fair representation for all the people of the country, and proportionate to the population of very province, on average, at least two females shall be the elected members of the House of People from each province.
"[20] East Germany reserved seats in the Volkskammer for representatives of women, trade unions and youth organisations.
In several countries, political parties representing recognized ethnic minorities are exempted from the election threshold.