Kingdom of Joseon Empire of Japan Summer of 1894 Second Revolt After the Battle of Ugeumchi, Jeon Bong-jun and his remaining forces retreated to Nonsan to rendezvous with Kim Gae-nam and the other Donghak peasants who were defeated by government and Japanese troops.

The alliance defeated them and the Donghak Peasant Army retreated to Jeonju Fortress which they abandoned for Wonpyeong and Taein to make their final resistance.

Jeon Bong-jun, after the defeat at Ugeumchi withdrew to Gyeongcheon, reorganized his forces, and prepared a counterattack for the assault on Gongju.

However, the losses at Ugeumchi were too great, forcing him to abandon the counterattack and decide to retreat to Nonsan after a day's rest.

They issued a mild letter called the "Gosimun" written in Hangul, through Dongdochang's name, on November 12, to inform the military, civilians, and scholars about their determination to repel foreign forces and achieve peace.

The next day, in the morning, while leading tens of thousands of Donghak Peasant Army members, you met each other at Donggu while marching towards Yeonsan.

Immediately, messengers were sent to Yeonsan-eup to summon all the people of Joseon and launch a fire attack to annihilate the official army.

They marched to Nonsan and joined forces with Jeon Bong-jun's unit.They climbed up the mountains surrounding the town, holding hundreds of flags to signal the positions of cannons, and drove the Japanese Army towards Yeonsan-eup.

The Donghak Peasant Army occupied Hwangsanseong, a strategic point at an elevation of 264 meters northwest of Yeonsan-eup.

One platoon, led by Soi Myebara, attacked the enemy from the front mountain, while other units were assigned to the left, right, and rear.

The Osaka Shinbun, published in Japan, reported that hundreds of Donghak Peasant Army members had died.

Based on subsequent records indicating that Kim Soon-gap died in battle, it is presumed that he was executed shortly after his capture.

This pursuit battle was carried out at the urging of Chungcheong Governor Park Je-sun, who relayed the information gathered by the reconnaissance team on November 14 to Major Morio of the Japanese army.

According to the report from the reconnaissance team, "Jeon Bong-jun's forces are stationed near Noseong, showing signs of preparing to attack Gongju."

The surprise attack, which began at 2 p.m., lasted for an hour and a half, during which the Donghak Peasant Army fought back but eventually retreated to the Hwanghwadae.

[2] Hwanghwadae stood alone in the middle of a vast courtyard, surrounded by dense mountain slopes, with a flat and wide peak in the center.

Yi Gyu-tae, who stood at the vanguard, reported, "We advanced along Route 3 and ambushed the Donghak Army under Mt.

[1] Before Kim Gae-nam's unit joined, the peasant army had diminished to about 2,500 members from the initial 10,000 to 40,000 during the Battle of Ugeumchi on the 14th.

Jeon Bong-jun and Kim Gae-nam acted together until Jeonju, where they gathered the dispersed peasant army and prepared for the final resistance.

In front of Gumiran Village, where the Donghak Peasant Army stayed, the Wonpyeong River flowed, and Wonpyeongjang was a key transportation point where local goods were concentrated.

When the Donghak Peasant Army, which had reached a strength of 30,000 with the combined forces of Honam and Hoseo, entered Jeonju, it consisted of only 500 people due to repeated defeats.

The detailed report of Captain Yi Jin-ho (李軫鎬), who was serving under the Japanese army at that time, provides a comprehensive account of the battle situation:[4] On the 24th of that day, the commanding officer Choi Yeong-hak, along with one unit of military police and one unit of Japanese soldiers, marched and arrived at Geumgu-eup, where they spent the night.

Upon hearing the sound of a trumpet, tens of thousands of enemy troops spread out in a triangular formation, resembling the shape of a bottle.

War cries echoed from all directions, and the flames and smoke created a fog that made it difficult to distinguish the details.

The terrain was steep and treacherous, the sun was already setting, and furthermore, it was difficult to identify the enemy's movements because when they were dispersed, they resembled ordinary peasants.

[4]According to the report by Sunbong Yi Gyu-tae, it is stated, "Successive fires engulfed over 40 shops and dye houses in the Wonpyeong market, and numerous grain stores and belongings of the villagers, totaling several hundred homes, were completely burned, which is extremely distressing and tragic."

The local forces, perceiving that the villagers were aiding the Donghak Peasant Army, set fire to many homes during the battle.

The Donghak Revolution, which had shaken the entire nation starting from the Gobu uprising, came to an end on a grand scale.

However, the 19th Infantry Battalion, led by Minami Sozo, relentlessly pursued and conducted search and kill operations against the Donghak Peasant Army until the end.

In response, scattered resistance persisted in Jangheung, Hampyeong, Gangjin, Muan, Haenam, and other areas until the following year's lunar month.