[1] The Donghak Peasant Army, which rose up with the goal of "exterminating violence and saving the people" and resisting foreign aggression, voluntarily attacked government officials after the Baeksan Revolt on March 29, 1894.

The Donghak Peasant Army, which had marched from Hampyeong to Jangseong, was having lunch in Wolpyeong-ri when they were unexpectedly shelled by government forces.

Despite the disadvantageous conditions of the close proximity between the two camps and the heavy casualties they were willing to accept, the government forces, who had received modern training, could not retreat from the fierce assault of the Donghak Peasant Army.

However, the peasant army, who thoroughly understood the terrain and topography of Hwangryonggang in Jangseong, launched a formation resembling the hanja "學" on the summit of Sambong and began to attack the military forces.

The peasant army would stuff straw into the jangtae, set it on fire, and roll hundreds of them towards the military forces, depleting their firepower.

The "Ogahimun" describes the jangtae as follows:[1] The enemy looked down at the military forces from above and suddenly pushed out a large bamboo-made cylinder.

[1] Hong Gye-hun's government forces, composed of well-trained soldiers and elite units armed with modern weapons, were chased by the charging Donghak Peasant Army, even at the cost of their lives.

During this time, officer Lee Hak-seung fought to the end with the Donghak Army from the rear but was killed and lost important weapons.

Firstly, the fact that they defeated the government forces dispatched by the king brought significant progress to the consciousness of the peasant army.

"[2] Following the victory in the battle, the peasant army "began to take the king's forces lightly and hurriedly reached Jeonju."

With the captured cannons and firearms from the Jangseong battle, the Donghak Peasant Army moved north, and they advanced towards Jeonju, the largest city in Jeolla province at the time instead of choosing to take Naju to the south.

At this location, they happened to arrest Lee Ju-ho, a propagandist who had come down from Seoul with ten thousand nyang of silver to support the government forces, along with two of his subordinates.

Prior to this, they had brought the royal seal and were captured in Jangseong, and they were executed at the Wonpyeong market along with officials such as Yi Hak-eung and Bae Eun-hwan.

They did not choose the main road but took a somewhat treacherous shortcut by crossing Dokbaejae, and arrived at Samcheon, right in front of Jeonju Castle, where they spent the night on the 26th.