For several decades, he was the Professor Emeritus of chamber music at the Accademia Musicale Chigiana in Siena, and from 1939 to 1966, he was the leader of the only piano quintet ensemble, the Quintetto Chigiano.

His father was a cellist, who had a passion for making stringed instruments, but the extremely harsh economic conditions in the immediate post-war period caused the family to emigrate to Casablanca, Morocco in 1919.

At eleven, he graduated from the Conservatory, and in 1929, Mussolini offered him a bursary in Italy, which allowed him to move to Rome where he joined the classes of Arrigo Serato [de].

[citation needed] By 1956, the Quintet had recently given more than a thousand concerts in countries including Italy, Germany, England, France, Holland, Belgium and Spain, had taken part in major European festivals, and had newly completed a highly successful tour of Central and South America: their repertoire reflected Brengola's preoccupations both with early Italian chamber music and with the works of contemporary composers.

Chigiano String Sextet):[8] in addition to Brengola, its membership included Felice Cusano (later Giovanni Guglielmo) (second violin); Mario Benvenuti and Tito Riccardi (violas); and Alain Meunier and Adriano Vendramelli (cellos).

Brengola taught chamber music for many years, facilitating training courses at the Accademia di Santa Cecilia in Rome, where he was an academic and a member of the Board of Directors.

Teaching was one of his largest passions (among his students were Salvatore Accardo, Bruno Giuranna, Sayaka Shoji, Uto Ughi and the Tokyo Quintet),[8] to which he remained greatly committed.

As Constantin Zanidache, a close collaborator of his for over twenty years at the Accademia Chigiana, wrote, "during his lessons, he was able to create highly intense and emotive atmospheres.

He performed works by Franco Alfano, Virgilio Mortari, Vito Frazzi, Giuseppe Martucci, Gian Francesco Malipiero, Alfredo Casella, Franco Ferrara, Ottorino Respighi, Mario Zafred, Angelo Francesco Lavagnino, Cesare Nordio, Ferruccio Busoni, Antonio Veretti, Ildebrando Pizzetti, Goffredo Petrassi, Mario Peragallo, Luciano Berio, Irma Ravinale, and others.

Brengola's tours abroad and the courses at the Chigiana put him in contact with many musicians, including Alfredo Casella,[12] George Enescu, Franco Ferrara, Luciano Berio, Andres Segovia, Pablo Casals, David Oistrakh, Nathan Milstein, Sergio Celibidache, Carlo Maria Giulini, Zubin Mehta and Severino Gazzelloni, with whom he built friendships and musical collaborations.

In 2003 the Japanese government bestowed him the honor "Ordine del Sol Levante" (The Order of the Rising Sun) to acknowledge his contributions to classical music in Japan.

In 2017, to mark a century from Brengola's birth, the Accademia Chigiana held a concert in his honor in Siena on 10 July, executed by a Quintet formed by Federico Guglielmo and Felice Cusano on violin, Laura Riccardi on viola, Alain Meunier on cello and Anne Le Bozec on piano.