[2] During the American Revolutionary War, he served as a surgeon's mate in the Pennsylvania Line of the Continental Army.
He was the senior American military physician in the Northwest Indian War, and became the surgeon general of General Anthony Wayne's Legion when those troops were organized and defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
[3] After living for a few years on his farm on the east fork of the Little Miami River, he returned to the city in 1805, and continued to practice medicine until his death.
Daniel Drake called him the "father of our local profession," and wrote of him that "though not profound in science, he was sagacious, unassuming, amiable and kind.
His body was later moved and now is buried in the Wesleyan Cemetery in Cincinnati.