He was lecturer in Arabic at the University of Edinburgh and also served as Minister of Newton Wamphray, a small country parish from 1907 to 1921.
On returning to Edinburgh, he spent his remaining years at the university in the study of the Qur'an.
Both works have been influential in Quranic studies in the west.
[1] He was an early investigator of Christian influences on the development of Islam.
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