Richard Caswell Gatlin (January 18, 1809 – September 8, 1896) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War.

He was an original member of the Aztec Club of 1847 - a military society for officers who were veterans of the Mexican War.

He then served in Missouri and Louisiana, took part in the Seminole Wars of 1849–50, and served on frontier duty in Kansas, Native American Territory, Arkansas and Dakota, until he marched with Albert Sidney Johnston to Utah, to take part in the Utah War.

He was promoted to brigadier general in August 1861 and was assigned to command the department of North Carolina and the coastal defenses of the State.

Gatlin resigned in September 1862 but subsequently served as adjutant and inspector general of North Carolina.

He and his wife Mary Ann Gibson Gatlin are buried at Fort Smith National Cemetery.