[1] He was born the son of a banker in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire and was educated at Neuwied in Prussia and at a Paris lyceé.
He graduated from London University in 1866 and was elected physician to the Royal Hospital for Diseases of the Chest.
He succeeded George Buchanan as Chief Medical Officer for the UK in 1892 and was awarded CB the same year.
He spoke fluent French and successfully negotiated a number of international agreements on quarantine.
His Times obituary stated "The public has been deprived of an official of great tact, knowledge and experience.