[citation needed] Antignano arose in Roman times as a simple rural settlement, on via Puteolis Neapolim per colles, the road which before the much later tunnels between Fuorigrotta and Mergellina had become the primary land crossing between the Phlegraean area and Naples proper.
At the beginning of the Middle Ages, innumerable small agricultural settlements formed along the road and others that linked Naples to Nola, Atella, Capua and Cuma, which were called "casali".
Toward the end of the century, the poet Giovanni Pontano, minister of Ferrante I and of Alfonso II of Aragon, had a magnificent villa built in Amtignano with the famous horti, which he himself sang in his compositions.
The basilica of San Gennaro in Antignano on the homonymous street, dates to the early twentieth century, devoid of stylistic merit.
[citation needed] In the Bourbon period Antignano was a nerve center of the Dazio, of which the seat is still preserved, a small building with two arches on the side of which the inscription: "Here you pay for the census regj".