Robert Blair FRSE (1748 – 22 December 1828) was a Scottish astronomer.
He was born in Garvald, East Lothian, the son of Rev Archibald Blair, the local minister.
In 1773 he was apprenticed to Dr Francis Balfour, a naval surgeon, and served in the Royal Navy in the West Indies.
On return to Scotland he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and qualified as a doctor in 1785.
Robert Blair was the first Regius Professor of Astronomy at the University of Edinburgh (1785 until death).