Robert Brown (born c. 1830) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.

Born in about 1830 in Norway, Brown immigrated to the United States and was living in New York when he joined the U.S. Navy.

He served during the Civil War as a captain of the top on the USS Richmond.

At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864, he was "[c]ool and courageous" despite heavy fire.

Cool and courageous at his station throughout the prolonged action, Brown rendered gallant service as his vessel trained her guns on Fort Morgan and on ships of the Confederacy despite extremely heavy return fire.