Robert Calvin Macauley (born February 2, 1840) was an Irish-born American labor unionist.
Born in County Antrim, Macauley emigrated with his family to the United States when he was nine years old.
The following year, he began working as a foreman in a factory, and joined the Garment Cutters' Association.
He became close to Uriah Smith Stephens, the movement's first Grand Master Workman, and the two founded a tailoring business together.
His next effort was in 1890, when he established the Progressive Labor Union, which opposed strikes and admitted company owners as well as workers, but this proved similarly unsuccessful.