Robert Hibbs Peebles (1900–1956) was an American botanist and agronomist who worked for the United States Department of Agriculture.

He is known for his contributions to the flora of the American Southwest and work on breeding cotton.

[1] His 1951 book Arizona Flora, co-authored with Thomas H. Kearney, and republished posthumously in 1960, is recognized as the most comprehensive study of Arizona plants of its time.

[2][3][4] Peebles named and described over 180 species or variety of plants, often in collaboration with Kearney.

[1] Peebles died at the age of 55 in March 1956, the same year as Kearney.