Robert Johnstone Vance (March 15, 1854 – June 15, 1902) was a U.S. Representative from Connecticut.

Born in New York City, Vance attended the common schools.

City clerk of New Britain from 1878 until his resignation in 1887, having been elected a Representative.

There is an elementary school, Vance Village, named after him in New Britain, Connecticut.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress