Sir Robert Ernest Kelly CB FRCS (7 April 1879 – 16 November 1944) was a British surgeon and professor of surgery at the University of Liverpool.
During World War I, he served as a consulting surgeon to the British Forces in Salonika holding the temporary rank of colonel.
In recognition of his services, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath CB in 1916 and later served on the Army Council Medical Advisory Board.
He was elected to the council of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1928, where he served for sixteen years, including acting as vice-president for 1938–40.
On his retirement he was granted the title of emeritus professor and created a Knight Bachelor in the 1939 Birthday Honours.