Robert Louis Mouton (October 20, 1892 – November 26, 1956) was a U.S. Representative from Louisiana.

Born in Duchamp in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana, Mouton moved with his parents to Lafayette, where he attended public schools.

During World War I, Mouton enlisted in the United States Marine Corps, serving as an interpreter and intelligence officer attached to the first squadron of the first marine aviation outfit overseas from May 1918 to January 1919.

He served as member of the United States Marine Corps Reserve, with rank of captain.

He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1940, having lost the party primary to James Domengeaux.