Robert Lee Henry (May 12, 1864 – July 9, 1931) was an American lawyer and politician who served ten terms as a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Texas from 1897 to 1917.

He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1886 and practiced for a short time in Texarkana, Texas.

A strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson in 1912, Henry was considered a progressive Democrat.

He engaged in the practice of law in Waco, and again was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for United States Senator in 1922 and 1928.

Robert L. Henry died in Houston, on July 9, 1931, from a self-inflicted gunshot to his head in an apparent suicide.