Robert Martinek (2 February 1889 – 28 June 1944) was an Austrian general who served in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II.

An artillery officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army in World War I, Martinek continued to serve with the Austrian Bundesheer during the interwar period.

Serving with the Bundesheer after World War I, he taught at (and during the 1930s, headed) the Austrian military's Artillery School, reaching the rank of Oberst by the time of the Anschluss.

In Austrian service, he made a number of artillery innovations, including new ranging and firing methods as well as a namesake sight adjustment system.

Shortly before the Soviet summer offensive, Operation Bagration, a battalion commander in the 12th Infantry Division raised concerns about a possible attack with Martinek, who was on a tour of inspection.