Called the 'Horsehead' division because of its emblem, it took part in the Invasion of France in 1940, and Operation Barbarossa in 1941.

On 28 May 1940 soldiers of the division carried out the Oignies massacre; the 487th Infantry Regiment used civilians as human shields during fighting near the village of Oignies in Nord Pas-de-Calais, then rounded up and shot 80 French civilians in front of the town hall, as well as captured British, French, and Moroccan troops who were too severely wounded to march to the rear.

[1][2] The incident is one of several war crimes committed by the Wehrmacht during the 1940 campaign.

From July 1940 to May 1941, it was responsible for guarding a part of the English Channel coast.

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