Robert Sanders was born in Albany, New York, then part of British America, on July 11, 1705.

[2] As the heir to his father's estate and a prominent businessman in his own right, Sanders took part in Albany's governance, including terms as constable and fire master of the city's second ward.

[2] In 1750, Governor George Clinton appointed Sanders to succeed Jacob Coenraedt Ten Eyck as mayor.

[2] During his administration, the city hosted the Albany Congress, at which the British colonies planned coordinated actions in advance of the French and Indian War.

[2] After Sanders died, management of his business interests fell to his son-in-law Philip Kiliaen van Rensselaer, the husband of his daughter Maria.