Robert Scott Troup CMG CIE FRS (13 December 1874 – 1 October 1939) was a British forestry expert.
He spent the first part of his career in Colonial India, returning to England in 1920 to head Oxford's School of Forestry.
Troup joined the Imperial Forestry Service in 1897 and was posted to Burma as a Deputy Conservator of Forests.
He ended his Imperial Forestry Service career as Inspector-General of Forests of Burma.
In 1920, Troup returned to the United Kingdom to take up the Chair of Forestry at the University of Oxford, from retiring William Schlich, under whom he had studied at Cooper's Hill.