When he finished his studies, he began working as voice teacher at a music school in Prague.
He did not stay there long, and in 1841 he moved to Budapest,[3] where he was employed as a piano teacher and a reporter for the Allgemeine Wiener Musik-Zeitung.
[4] He composed in virtual obscurity until 1852, when his Piano Trio in B-flat minor caught the ears of Franz Liszt and Hans von Bülow, who proceeded to play it several times all over Europe.
While visiting Vienna in 1864, Volkmann became acquainted with Johannes Brahms, and they became close friends.
From 1875 until his death, he was professor of harmony and counterpoint at Budapest's National Academy of Music, where Liszt was the director.