Robert Witherspoon (January 29, 1767 – October 11, 1837) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative from South Carolina.
Witherspoon was born near Kingstree in the Province of South Carolina as the son of a Scots-Irish father, Robert Witherspoon (1728–1778) who was born in County Down, Ireland and settled in the Province of South Carolina.
His mother was Elizabeth Heathly Witherspoon (1740–1820), who was born in South Carolina.
Witherspoon was elected State treasurer in 1800 and served one term.
He had large slave planting interests in Sumter County, South Carolina.