Roberto Cochrane Simonsen (18 February 1889 - 25 May 1948) was a Brazilian engineer, industrialist, scholar and politician.

Here he started teaching the economic history of Brazil, and his work led to the writing of several important books on the subject.

He was a member of many domestic and foreign institutions, among them a number of engineering, history and geography societies.

In 1945, he became the second occupant of chair 3 of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, succeeding Filinto de Almeida.

He died in the main hall of the Brazilian Academy of Letters in May 1948, at an official reception for the visiting Belgian Prime Minister Paul van Zeeland.