Although limitations with respect to maximum size and weight are in place, teams are completely free to design both hardware and software.
Modifications with respect to the FIFA rulebook are the field dimensions, which are reduced to 12 m by 18 m, and the number of players per team, which is five in RoboCup MSL.
After gaining control over the ball at the own half of the field, a team has to make at least one mandatory pass before a valid goal can be scored.
[4] Ultimately the goal of RoboCup is to beat the winner of the human world cup with a team of humanoid robots by 2050.
More recent challenges have focussed on robot-robot cooperation without WiFi connection and playing soccer on uneven terrain (i.e., artificial grass instead of a carpet).