Rocco Rodio (c. 1535 – 1607) was an Italian Renaissance composer and theorist, best known for his sacred works and keyboard ricercares.
He was born in Bari and apparently led a cosmopolitan life, at some point working at the Polish court, and then possibly settling in Naples.
Popular among his colleagues, Rodio was a member of Carlo Gesualdo's academy at Naples, organized a Camerata di Propaganda per l'Affinamento del Gusto Musicale together with other Neapolitan musicians, and also probably cultivated connections with Polish and Spanish composers.
Rodio's Libro primo di ricercate (1575) is the earliest surviving keyboard music notated in score.
This print, together with Antonio Valente's Intavolatura de cimbalo, represents the earliest works of the so-called Neapolitan school, to which later important composers such as Ascanio Mayone and Giovanni Maria Trabaci belonged.