The Rochester Evening Journal began operations in 1922, as part of an statewide expansion planned by Hearst, who was eyeing a gubernatorial seat.
During the early 1930s, the paper came under scrutiny for flouting Section 7-a of the National Recovery Act, which certified workers' rights to form labor unions.
But any negotiations must be with elected representatives of the editorial employees in which the entire staff has a voice, regardless of membership in any outside organization.
[3][4] Joe Simon, who with Jack Kirby would create the comic-book character Captain America in 1940, had his first job out of high school at the Journal-American in 1932.
He was hired by art director Adolph Edler as an assistant, replacing Simon's future comics colleague Al Liederman, who had quit.