[4] In the National Ecological Framework for Canada used by Environment and Climate Change Canada, part of the park is in the Willmore Foothills ecodistrict of the Eastern Continental Ranges ecoregion in the Columbia Montane Cordillera ecoprovince of the Montane Cordillera ecozone.

Rock Lake–Solomon Creek is typical Alberta foothills with ridges running northwest to southeast and valleys between.

The Köppen climate classification of the park is Continental, Subarctic (Dfc) characterized by long, cold winters, and short, warm to cool summers.

[10] Using the data from nearby weather stations (Willow Creek 1 and Moberly Auto), average daily temperatures for 1991 to 2020 exceed 10 °C (50 °F) only for June, July, and August while average daily temperatures are less than 0 °C (32 °F) for November through March.

The long-run average precipitation for 1991 to 2020 for the wettest months, June and July, is variable between the two measuring stations.

The vegetation ranges from coniferous forests of lodgepole pine and white spruce to mixedwoods and aspen.

The grassy slopes provide wintering range for bighorn sheep, deer, and elk.

The park is a popular fishery for bull and rainbow trout, mountain whitefish, burbot, and northern pike.