Roderick Finlayson (March 16, 1818 – January 20, 1892) was a Canadian Hudson's Bay Company officer, farmer, businessman, and politician.

Born in Loch Alsh (Kyle of Lochalsh), Scotland, Finlayson came to North America in 1837.

He moved to Lower Canada into an apprentice clerk position with the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC).

Upon Ross's death, which he mentions with sympathy in his autobiography, Finlayson was promoted to command of the HBC's Fort Victoria in 1844.

[1] After Chief Factor James Douglas arrived from Fort Vancouver in 1849, Finlayson was reassigned to second in command.