Rohrdorf was ceded in 1303 in commendam by the County of Hohenberg to the Knights Hospitaller, who established a Commandery in the village that existed until 1806.

Rohrdorf began a period of urban growth after World War II, expanding to north, east, and south.

[2] The municipality (Gemeinde) of Rohrdorf is situated in the district of Calw, in Baden-Württemberg, one of the 16 States of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Rohrdorf is physically located in the Upper Gäu [de], a transitional landscape between the Heckengäu and the Northern Black Forest.

[2] A portion of the Federally protected Staufen [de] nature reserve is located in Rohrdorf's municipal area.